The LEGO Dimensions game makes use of NFC technology to allow some interaction between physical LEGO creations (characters, vehicles and gadgets) and the videogame.
The LEGO Toy Pad is in fact just a custom USB triple NFC reader that can read NFC tags (not only the LEGO Toy Tags but also several other tags including those used in other games like Disney Infinity) and change the color of the RGB light associated to each reader.
Since the beginning of 2015 several people have been reverse engineering the LEGO Toy Pad. This tutorial is strongly based on @woodenphone work available at GitHub.
You will need:
Several people reported a difference between PS3/PS4/Wii devices and Xbox so this tutorial most probably will not work with the Xbox type.
You don’t really need a Mindstorms EV3 as this tutorial can be used on almost any
recent linux system (like my Ubuntu laptop or my Raspberry Pi). If using ev3dev,
just be sure to use a recent version - this tutorial was tested with kernel
4.4.15-13-ev3dev-ev3.
Of course, you need an available USB port so if you’re already using the Mindstorms EV3 with an USB Wi-Fi dongle you will also need an USB Hub.
After you connect the LEGO Toy Pad it should be recognized as an HID device:
robot@ev3dev:~# dmesg
...
usb 2-1.2: new full-speed USB device number 8 using ehci-pci
usb 2-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=0e6f, idProduct=0241
usb 2-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
usb 2-1.2: Product: LEGO READER V2.10
usb 2-1.2: Manufacturer: PDP LIMITED.
usb 2-1.2: SerialNumber: P.D.P.000000
hid-generic 0003:0E6F:0241.0006: hiddev0,hidraw3: USB HID v1.00 Device
[PDP LIMITED. LEGO READER V2.10] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.2/input0
You can also check with lsusb:
robot@ev3dev:~# lsusb
...
Bus 002 Device 008: ID 0e6f:0241 Logic3
...
You also need python and pyusb. Most Linux distributions already include python as default so you probably only need to install the pyusb library with:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python-usb
To allow python script to access USB without running with root privileges we need to add an udev rule:
sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/99-dimensions.rules
with the following rule inside:
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="0e6f", ATTR{idProduct}=="0241", MODE="0666"
then unplug and replug the LEGO Toy Pad again.
The following script will check for the presence of a LEGO Toy Pad and initializes it, turning the middle (round) pad red for one second:
#!/usr/bin/python
import usb.core
import usb.util
from time import sleep
TOYPAD_INIT = [0x55, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x01, 0x28, 0x63, 0x29, 0x20, 0x4c, 0x45, 0x47, 0x4f, 0x20, 0x32, 0x30, 0x31, 0x34, 0xf7, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
PAD1_RED = [0x55, 0x0e, 0xc8, 0x06, 0x01, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 51, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
PADS_OFF = [0x55, 0x06, 0xc0, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 29, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
def init_usb():
global dev
dev = usb.core.find(idVendor=0x0e6f, idProduct=0x0241)
if dev is None:
print 'Device not found'
else:
if dev.is_kernel_driver_active(0):
dev.detach_kernel_driver(0)
print usb.util.get_string(dev, dev.iProduct)
dev.set_configuration()
dev.write(1,TOYPAD_INIT)
return dev
def main():
init_usb()
dev.write(1,PAD1_RED)
sleep(1)
dev.write(1,PADS_OFF)
returnIf everything was OK the output should be:
LEGO READER V2.10
and of course the center pad should stay red for one second.
In the above script we’ve seen that all commands sent to the LEGO Toy Pad have the same size: 32 bytes.
The first bytes define the command, some other bytes the arguments and the remaining bytes are just to assure proper communication (checksum).
I’ll show just how to change the color of each pad but there are some other commands available (switch on/off, fade, flash…). You can see these commands in @woodenphone’s lego_dimensions_gateway.py script.
#!/usr/bin/python
import usb.core
import usb.util
from time import sleep
TOYPAD_INIT = [0x55, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x01, 0x28, 0x63, 0x29, 0x20, 0x4c, 0x45, 0x47, 0x4f, 0x20, 0x32, 0x30, 0x31, 0x34, 0xf7, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
OFF = [0,0,0]
RED = [255,0,0]
GREEN = [0,255,0]
BLUE = [0,0,255]
ALL_PADS = 0
CENTER_PAD = 1
LEFT_PAD = 2
RIGHT_PAD = 3
def init_usb():
global dev
dev = usb.core.find(idVendor=0x0e6f, idProduct=0x0241)
if dev is None:
print 'Device not found'
else:
if dev.is_kernel_driver_active(0):
dev.detach_kernel_driver(0)
print usb.util.get_string(dev, dev.iProduct)
dev.set_configuration()
dev.write(1,TOYPAD_INIT)
return dev
def send_command(dev,command):
# calculate checksum
checksum = 0
for word in command:
checksum = checksum + word
if checksum >= 256:
checksum -= 256
message = command+[checksum]
# pad message
while(len(message) < 32):
message.append(0x00)
# send message
dev.write(1, message)
return
def switch_pad(pad, colour):
send_command(dev,[0x55, 0x06, 0xc0, 0x02, pad, colour[0], colour[1], colour[2],])
return
def main():
init_usb()
switch_pad(ALL_PADS,RED)
sleep(1)
switch_pad(ALL_PADS,GREEN)
sleep(1)
switch_pad(ALL_PADS,BLUE)
sleep(1)
switch_pad(ALL_PADS,OFF)
return
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Whenever a tag is inserted or removed the LEGO Toy Pad sends a 32-byte message starting with 0x56. The message also contains: - the number of the pad affected - the UID of the tag inserted or removed - the action itself (tag was inserted or removed)
So if we already know the UID of a tag we can track it with the LEGO Toy Pad (I use my Android phone to read my tags but we can also use the LEGO Toy Pad). For the next script we’ll track Darth Vader from Disney Infinity 3.0 (a Mifare Classic Mini tag) but we can track several types of NFC tags - LEGO Toy Tags are Mifare Ultralight C (also known as NTAG213) and Nintendo amiibo are also Mifare Ultralight (but not C, so NTAG215).
The script also tracks unknown UIDs. So: - if it recognizes Darth Vader, it turns the corresponding pad RED; - if it doesn’t recognize the tag, it turns the pad GREEN; - whenever a tag is removed it turns the pad OFF:
#!/usr/bin/python
import usb.core
import usb.util
from time import sleep
TOYPAD_INIT = [0x55, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x01, 0x28, 0x63, 0x29, 0x20, 0x4c, 0x45, 0x47, 0x4f, 0x20, 0x32, 0x30, 0x31, 0x34, 0xf7, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
OFF = [0,0,0]
RED = [255,0,0]
GREEN = [0,255,0]
BLUE = [0,0,255]
ALL_PADS = 0
CENTER_PAD = 1
LEFT_PAD = 2
RIGHT_PAD = 3
# Actions
TAG_INSERTED = 0
TAG_REMOVED = 1
# UIDs can be retrieved with Android App (most probably in hexadecimal)
uidDarthVader = (4, 161, 158, 210, 227, 64 , 128) # Darth Vader from Disney Infinity 3.0
def init_usb():
global dev
dev = usb.core.find(idVendor=0x0e6f, idProduct=0x0241)
if dev is None:
print 'Device not found'
else:
if dev.is_kernel_driver_active(0):
dev.detach_kernel_driver(0)
print usb.util.get_string(dev, dev.iProduct)
dev.set_configuration()
dev.write(1,TOYPAD_INIT)
return dev
def send_command(dev,command):
# calculate checksum
checksum = 0
for word in command:
checksum = checksum + word
if checksum >= 256:
checksum -= 256
message = command+[checksum]
# pad message
while(len(message) < 32):
message.append(0x00)
# send message
dev.write(1, message)
return
def switch_pad(pad, colour):
send_command(dev,[0x55, 0x06, 0xc0, 0x02, pad, colour[0], colour[1], colour[2],])
return
def uid_compare(uid1, uid2):
match = True
for i in range(0,7):
if (uid1[i] != uid2[i]) :
match = False
return match
def main():
init_usb()
if dev != None :
while True:
try:
in_packet = dev.read(0x81, 32, timeout = 10)
bytelist = list(in_packet)
if not bytelist:
pass
elif bytelist[0] != 0x56: # NFC packets start with 0x56
pass
else:
pad_num = bytelist[2]
uid_bytes = bytelist[6:13]
match = uid_compare(uid_bytes, uidDarthVader)
action = bytelist[5]
if action == TAG_INSERTED :
if match:
# Darth Vader
switch_pad(pad_num, RED)
else:
# some other tag
switch_pad(pad_num, GREEN)
else:
# some tag removed
switch_pad(pad_num, OFF)
except usb.USBError, err:
pass
switch_pad(ALL_PADS,OFF)
return
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
.